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Kos History
Kos was populated by humans from the very early Bronze Age (2900 – 2100 BC). Phoenicians and Achaeans were among its earliest inhabitants.
In the Hellenistic period, many marble monuments were built at Kos, such as the Sanctuary of Hercules, the Market, the Stadium, the Altar of Dionysus and the Acropolis. During this period, the island flourished culturally and economically. It was rich in livestock and agricultural products, and also developed a steady export trade in fruit, olive oil, wine, perfumes, wool and silk. Elegant buildings such as the Conservatory, the Casa Romana and the Vespasiani demonstrate the luxurious living standards of the citizens of Kos.
During the seventh century, Kos governmentally became part of Byzantine domination. It was later also occupied by Venetians and Genoans. In 1314, it was invaded by the Ioannite knights, who defended them against Turkish attacks until 1523. Under Turkish domination, the culture and economy of Kos suffered greatly.
Finally, Italians conquered Kos in 1912. After the earthquake of 1933, Kos was rebuilt by them. A large number of monuments were excavated and repaired by Italian archaeologists.
Kos was conquered by German troops during World War II in 1943. In 1945, after the signing of the protocol of Simi, the German reign of terror ended, and Kos came under English control. The local authorities were reestablished, and the Greek schools were reopened for the first time since 1938.
Finally, in 1947, the Greek Armed Forces accepted control of the Island from the English.
Travel guide to Kos
Kos History
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