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Bulgaria History
The Khan leaded branch of Bulgars migrated in the northern Balkna during the 7th century, where they merged with the local Slavic population and possibly remnants of the Thracian population to form the first Bulgarian state in AD 681. This was the first Slavic nation-state in history. The Bulgarian empire was a significant European power in the 9th and the 10th century. The Bulgarian state was crushed by an assault by the Rus' in 969 and completely subdued by a determined Byzantine assault under Basil II in 1018. It was re-established in 1185 and continued to be an important power in the European south-east for two more centuries by fighting to assert its place in the region with the Byzantine Empire, imposing defeats on the Crusader states in Greece, as well as Hungary. An autonomous Bulgarian principality in its ethnic borders was proclaimed by the Treaty of San Stefano of March 3, 1878, following the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78. The treaty was, however, not accepted by the Great Powers for fear that a large Slavic country on the Balkans would serve Russian interests. This led to the Treaty of Berlin (1878) which provided for an autonomous Bulgarian principality comprising Moesia and the region of Sofia. In 1912 and 1913 Bulgaria became involved in the Balkan Wars, entering into conflict first against the Ottoman Empire and then against its former Balkan allies in desperate effort to achieve its national unity. The Balkan Wars and World War I led to the influx of over 250,000 Bulgarian refugees from Macedonia, Eastern and Western Thrace and Southern Dobruja. Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence after World War II and became a People's Republic in 1946 and Moscow's staunchest ally.
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